# Loops > for loops, limit/offset/reversed, ranges, forloop, break, continue, empty collections and cycle. ## for `for` renders its body once for each item of an array. ```vascula ``` ```json data {"data": {"product": {"tags": ["new", "sale"]}}, "allow": ["product"]} ``` ```output ``` The collection is a single value: a variable path or a range. It cannot take filters; assign a filtered list to a variable first. ```vascula {% assign sorted = settings.names | sort %}{% for name in sorted %}{{ name }} {% endfor %} ``` ```json data {"settings": {"names": ["Grace", "Ada"]}} ``` ```output Ada Grace ``` ### An empty collection: else An `else` inside a loop renders when there is nothing to loop over. ```vascula {% for item in settings.items %}{{ item }}{% else %}Your basket is empty.{% endfor %} ``` ```json data {"settings": {"items": []}} ``` ```output Your basket is empty. ``` ### What can be looped over | Value | Iterations | |---|---| | Array | each item, in order | | Range `(a..b)` | each integer | | Map | `[key, value]` pairs, sorted by key; read `item[0]` and `item[1]` | | `nil`, missing | none (renders `else`) | | String, number, boolean | none (renders `else`) | ```vascula {% for pair in settings.sizes %}{{ pair[0] }}={{ pair[1] }} {% endfor %} ``` ```json data {"settings": {"sizes": {"m": 10, "l": 4, "s": 0}}} ``` ```output l=4 m=10 s=0 ``` ## limit, offset, reversed Modifiers come after the collection, in any order: `offset` skips items, `limit` caps how many remain, and `reversed` reverses the selection. ```vascula {% for n in (1..10) offset: 2 limit: 3 %}{{ n }}{% endfor %} {% for n in (1..10) limit: 3 reversed %}{{ n }}{% endfor %} ``` ```output 345 321 ``` `offset` is applied first, then `limit`, then `reversed`. A negative offset is treated as zero; a negative limit means no limit. Both accept a variable or a filter expression: `limit: settings.count | plus: 1`. ## Ranges A range loops over integers. Each end is a number or a variable. ```vascula {% for i in (1..settings.stars) %}★{% endfor %}{% for i in (settings.stars..4) %}☆{% endfor %} ``` ```json data {"settings": {"stars": 3}} ``` ```output ★★★☆☆ ``` Ranges are limited in size like any other value; see [limits](/safety). ## forloop Inside a loop, `forloop` describes the current iteration. | Property | Value | |---|---| | `forloop.index` | position, starting at 1 | | `forloop.index0` | position, starting at 0 | | `forloop.rindex` | positions remaining, ending at 1 | | `forloop.rindex0` | positions remaining, ending at 0 | | `forloop.first` | `true` on the first iteration | | `forloop.last` | `true` on the last iteration | | `forloop.length` | number of iterations (after `offset`, `limit`) | | `forloop.parentloop` | the enclosing loop's `forloop`, or `nil` | ```vascula {% for t in settings.tags %}{{ t }}{% unless forloop.last %}, {% endunless %}{% endfor %} ({{ settings.tags.size }}) ``` ```json data {"settings": {"tags": ["red", "green", "blue"]}} ``` ```output red, green, blue (3) ``` In a nested loop, `forloop.parentloop` reaches the outer loop: ```vascula {% for row in (1..2) %}{% for col in (1..3) %}{{ forloop.parentloop.index }}{{ forloop.index }} {% endfor %}{% endfor %} ``` ```output 11 12 13 21 22 23 ``` ## break and continue `break` stops the loop; `continue` skips to the next item. They act on the innermost loop. Using them outside a loop is an error. ```vascula {% for n in (1..10) %}{% if n == 3 %}{% continue %}{% endif %}{% if n > 5 %}{% break %}{% endif %}{{ n }}{% endfor %} ``` ```output 1245 ``` ## cycle `cycle` prints the next of its values each time it runs, starting over after the last. Each `cycle` tag keeps its own position. ```vascula {% for n in (1..5) %}{% endfor %} ``` ```output ``` ## Loop variables The loop variable exists only inside its loop. Variables you `assign` inside a loop remain after it; see [Scope](/variables#scope). Next: [Composition](/composition).